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Dark pools are relevant within financial markets which allows the large trades to be executed anonymously, and in the other way round from the public exchanges, private trading venues help a lot by catering primarily to institutional investors which enables them to buy or also to sell large blocks of securities without revealing their intentions to the broader market, and hence the anonymity is also helpful over preventing the significant price fluctuations which occur if the market were aware of large transactions.
While dark pools provide benefits like minimizing the market impact and lower the transaction costs, they also face criticism for their lack of transparency and therefore the paque nature within dark pools can also lead to concerns about fairness and inasmuch as the venues are not always visible to the public.
Hence despite all these concerns surrounding dark pools which contribute to market liquidity also facilitate the large trades which might get difficult to execute, why they are important, and though sometimes controversial, part of the modern financial landscape.
