Acyrthosiphon Loti | Photography | Macro

Good Morning everyone for all of our friends who are at Blurtter and have been joining Blurtter for a long time, hopefully we are always healthy and can always carry out activities as usual. So on this occasion I want to write a little bit about Acyrthosiphon Loti | Photography | Macro hopefully later it can become a memory for myself, and for other friends who are already married, don't forget to also give directions and input if later in my writing there are still words- words that are not polite, therefore I apologize once again.

Amphorophora rubi apterae are pale green or yellowish green with pale siphunculi. Their antennal terminal process is usually less than seven times the length of last two segments of the rostrum. The third antennal segment bears 2-44 rhinaria with its longest hairs 26-48 µm (cf. Amphorophora gei which has the longest hairs on the third antennal segment 17-30 µm long). The siphunculi are slightly swollen on the apical part and 2.1 to 2.4 times the length of the cauda. The cauda is triangular. The body length of Amphorophora rubi apterae is 2.2-4.7 mm. The first image below shows an apterous adult Amphorophora rubi in alcohol. The second image below shows a close-up of the swollen siphunculi. The clarified slide mounts below are of adult viviparous females of a closely related sprecies, Amphorophora idaei : wingless, and winged, a species on raspberry that is (almost) morphologically indistinguishable from Amphorophora rubi. The large blackberry aphid does not host alternate. It feeds on the underside of leaves of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus agg.) and related Rubus species, but not on raspberry (Rubus idaei). Amphorophora rubi is found throughout Europe and has been introduced to New Zealand.

Blackman et al. (1977) separated Amphorophora rubi from Amphorophora idaei by cytological studies, which showed that the chromosome complement of Amphorophora occurring on red raspberry in Europe differed from that of Amphorophora sampled from blackberry (2n = 18 and 20 respectively). They concluded Amphorophora idaei only occurs on raspberry. Little has been written about the biology and ecology of the large blackberry aphid (Amphorophora rubi), although it is likely in many respects to be similar to the European large raspberry aphid (Amphorophora idaei), the biology of which was reviewed by McMenemy et al. (1976). Our field records suggest that the overwintering eggs of Amphorophora rubi hatch in March to give apterae by May-June. The aphids below were found on bramble in an unheated glasshouse in mid-April. We have found that alatae (see first picture below) start to appear somewhat earlier (mid May) than is reported for Amphorophora idaei, and then disperse to found colonies on new plants (see second picture below).

As with the raspberry aphid, the apterous nymphs and adults are very mobile, and drop from the plant when they are disturbed. This appears to be their main strategy for dealing with predators. Note by the way that the swollen siphunculi are not always very apparent in photos of the aphid, as is evident in the second picture below. Oviparae and males begin to appear in October, although part of the population continues to reproduce parthenogenetically throughout winter. We have found parasitized Amphorophora rubi on several occasions. The picture below shows a recently mummified aphid - note especially the strands of silk holding the mummy to the leaf. Various parasitoids have been recorded attacking Amphorophora rubi. Tomanovic et al. (2009) recorded Ephedrus lacterosus in Serbia & Montenegro. Muller et al. (1999) reported Praon dorsale, Aphidius rubi and Aphelinus abdominalis, and the hyperparasites Asaphes vulgaris, Copruna clavata and Phaenoglyphis xanthochroa. We have not found large numbers of predators around Amphorophora rubi colonies, although the predatory bug shown below was feeding on the Amphorophora.

We have observed fungal pathogens rather more often. The image below shows an alate Amphorophora rubi killed by an Entomophthora pathogen. We have also found larval trombidid mites on Amphorophora rubi as shown below first picture shows mite on aphid, second picture shows mite under high magnification in alcohol). The effect of larval trombidid mites on an individual aphid depends on the parasitic mite load and the age/size of the aphid. A single mite reduces the aphid's fecundity, but several on the same aphid may kill the host for more information see mites on aphids. Blackman & Eastop list 10 species of aphid as feeding on blackberry Rubus fruticosus worldwide, and provide formal identification keys Show World list. Of those aphid specie lists 7 as occurring in Britain Show British list. Loxdale & Brookes found that electrophoresis provided an excellent way to differentiate early instars of four of these species, Amphorophora rubi, Macrosiphum funestum, Sitobion fragariae and Aphis ruborum. Sometimes the different species form mixed species colonies as is shown below, with Amphorophora rubi and Macrosiphum funestum forming a mixed species colony on Rubus.

Whilst we make every effort to ensure that identifications are correct, we cannot absolutely warranty their accuracy. We have mostly made identifications from high resolution photos of living specimens, along with host plant identity. In the great majority of cases, identifications have been confirmed by microscopic examination of preserved specimens. We have used the keys and species accounts of Blackman & Eastop and Blackman & Eastop supplemented with Blackman , Stroyan , Stroyan , Blackman & Eastop , Heie Dixon & Thieme and Blackman . We fully acknowledge these authors as the source for the (summarized) taxonomic information we have presented. Any errors in identification or information are ours alone, and we would be very grateful for any corrections. For assistance on the terms used for aphid morphology we suggest the figure provided by Blackman & Eastop.

I recently discovered that the bane of my existence at Hopkins wasn't class deflation, professor apathy, or overzealous premedical. These are aphids, and they are everywhere. Belonging to the superfamily Aphidoidea, aphids are small, usually green insects sometimes referred to as "plant aphids," which turns out to be an accurate moniker. Imagine waking up one day and coming to greet your beloved plant, only to find that hidden beneath its leaves is a carpet of minor threats. Imagine the devastation and disgust that this living skin refuses to let go of itself despite the not-so-gentle nudge from the pen you borrowed from your roommate. They also don't stick to a single plant. Instead, they travel throughout the apartment, from window to window, from room to room until all the plants fall victim to them. While not much of a concern in my apartment, aphids can actually travel long distances by riding in the wind.

That's right, aphids have taken my irrational fear of being sucked into a tornado and turned it into their means of world domination. However, that is not the only way of their migration. If the need becomes great, aphids can spontaneously produce winged offspring that can leave the house and explore the plant world. You know what else makes aphids scary? They can reproduce asexually. So when you go to bed at night, safe in the knowledge that those damned aphids are unlikely to recover from that morning's genocide, one little bugger that makes it through the massacre will spawn a tiny clone of himself. Even scarier, some species of aphids can produce thousands of offspring from a single female over a lifespan of 20-40 days.

In fact, their entire reproduction process sounds like a logistical mess. Some species will only produce females for the reproductive season. In spring, the newly born male hatchlings are called fundatrices. So how do they reproduce? Well, I mentioned that aphids can reproduce asexually. In particular, their miracle of life occurs through the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg, which is called parthenogenesis. However, the quirks of fleas don't end there. The cloned offspring of these women usually go on to give birth live instead of laying eggs. This process is called viviparity (really just a fancy way of saying expelling a fully formed creature from the womb), and the offspring are called virginoparae. This process repeats itself, again and again, until your plant is just drooling with the little girls.

However, that does not mean that male aphids do not exist. Oh no, what I'm describing only covers the spring and summer parts of the flea reproductive cycle. Once autumn arrives (no one is entirely sure what signals aphids it's time to start doing this) aphids begin parthenogenetically to produce male offspring other than females. These males are identical to their mothers, with the exception of having one less chromosome. They often lack wings and sometimes even a mouth, as they exist entirely for reproductive purposes. The male and female aphids, you know, do their job, and then the resulting eggs are laid to conceive for the rest of the winter. In the spring, the eggs will hatch into a population consisting entirely of females, and the cycle begins again.

So why are aphids so bad? Why not try and live in harmony with my small factory tenants? Well, using mouthparts called stylets, aphids feed on plant sap. In addition, flea saliva is actually toxic to plants. So the little army basically salts the earth they eat, causing the plants to wither, brown and eventually die. Most aphids also secrete a sticky liquid known as melon, which can encourage mold growth and prevent the effectiveness of fungicides. Interestingly, the ants enjoy eating this secretion, as it is high in sucrose and will actually protect the swarms of aphids on the plants they eat. They will even "milk" the aphids by stroking them with their antennae, promoting melon production.

Unfortunately for me, the prospects of farming my aphids attack are not very attractive. I prefer harvesting from my plants over their parasites. So what can I do? Of course, there is a choice of chemicals. As one of the most destructive pests of temperate climates, there are many, many insecticides targeted for the death and destruction of aphids. But if you prefer to follow the Geneva Conference's code of conduct for modern warfare more, then there are still options out there for you. If the infestation is small, then I recommend only removing the affected leaves or flowers. You must be careful not to leave anything behind while doing this, either on the plant or in the soil around it.

Otherwise, you can also wash the plant with water to remove intruders. And if this doesn't work, spray your plant with soapy water, so the aphids will have a harder time staying and sticking to the leaves. No matter what path you take, however, the most important thing is vigilance. In the fight against lice, patience is everything.

Bluegreen aphids are widespread in Australia. They are most common in spring but are also active in autumn and winter. Heavy infestations can cause damage to plants by direct removal of nutrients, deforming leaves and causing plants to wilt and become yellow. Bluegreen aphids are grey-green to blue-green coloured, attacking lupins, lucerne, medics and clovers. They are distinguished from other aphids by their long legs, antennae and cornicles. Bluegreen aphids are widely distributed and found in all states of Australia. They are most common in spring but are also active in autumn and winter. Occurrences of damaging numbers in pasture legumes are irregular.

Aphids are a group of soft-bodied bugs commonly found in a wide range of crops and pastures. Identification of crop aphids is very important when making control decisions. Distinguishing between aphids can sometimes be challenging. It can be easier in the non-winged form but is more difficult with winged aphids. Adults grow up to 3 mm long, are oval shaped, with long legs and antennae. They have two large cornicles that extend beyond the base of the abdomen. Both the winged and wingless forms are a matte bluish-green colour. Nymphs are similar to adults but are smaller in size.

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