Dogs have been descended from the wolves, now there are lots of breeds because different breeds have preproduced and have mixed up the genes. This is why we have Pugs, Poodles, Alsatians, Dachshund, etc. Some of the breeds have problems that come with their own breed, such as: their skull might be too squashed, which leads to respiratory distress, longer spines which are prone to injury, etc.
These problems don’t affect dogs alone, but other animals as well. Cats and rabbits are also affected. Persian cats have squashed up faces similar to pugs.
So, how were our dogs domesticated?
No one knows for sure but in 1959 a Russian scientist, Dr, Dmitri Belyaev started an experiment to domesticate wild silver foxes by selecting them only for their tameness and responses to humans.
The term ‘Alpha dog’, which is allegedly what every male dog wants to be, has been proven wrong. Scientists came up with this theory because dogs descended from wolves and in each pack there is the leader. But this isn’t true, each pack contains the two parents and their pups, the father wolf is the leader because he is the parent. As the pups grow older they will go off and start their own family and they too, if male, will become leaders. So in conclusion the term ‘Alpha male’ has been proven false.
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Did he actually manage to tame the wild foxes?
Interesting... the experiment is still running!
https://evolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-018-0090-x