Motorcycle turbochargers are used to increase the power of the engine by injecting air into the engine at high pressure. A turbocharger is basically an air pump, which pumps air using the exhaust flow of the engine. The heat and pressure of the exhaust gas rotates the turbine of the pump (which is the turbocharger). The turbine is connected to a compressor wheel. As a result, the compressor wheel also rotates as soon as the turbine rotates. And the turbine rotates very fast under the pressure of the exhaust gas and the compressor also enters the air engine under extreme pressure.
Then that high pressure air is sent to the cylinder. And since the exhaust gas is wasted, the engine does not have to spend a lot of energy to produce the energy needed to turn the turbine around and increase the air pressure, which means it's free!
Turbochargers are used in both gasoline and diesel engines. The main advantage of using it is that more power can be produced in the engine without increasing the fuel consumption. This is because it is only the motorcycle turbocharger model that increases the power output of the engine when more power is required. Low power engines are used to save fuel and reduce air pollution. And when those engines need more power, the turbocharger is turned on.
Preparation
The turbocharger is usually mounted near the exhaust manifold. And the exhaust pipe goes from the exhaust manifold through the middle of the turbine, so that the flow of gas from the exhaust can rotate the turbine wheel (Figure T1). And another pipe connects the intake manifold with the compressor.
Any turbocharger, commonly called a turbo, has the following components (Figure T2):
Turbine or hot wheel
Shaft
Compressor or cold wheel
Center Housing and Rotating Assembly (CHRA)
■ Waste valve
Actuator
Inside the turbocharger, the turbine wheel and the compressor wheel are located on the same shaft. The shaft, shaft bearing, turbine seal assembly and compressor assembly are inside the CHRA. Inside the housing each wheel is stuck by a forked end and controls the flow of exhaust and air inlet.
And because the turbine wheel is in the exhaust air, it gets very hot. Moreover it turns out much faster. That is why turbine wheels are made of heat resistant cast iron. And the turbocharger has a Westgate, through which the compressor wheel (as opposed to the turbine wheel) rotates. When the compressor wheel rotates, cold air from outside enters the housing and is expelled due to centrifugal force. From there the air at high pressure enters the intake manifold and other cylinders.
Generally, air can enter because of the difference in atmospheric pressure and air pressure inside the engine. But the turbocharger allows air to enter the engine at a higher pressure. And using a turbocharger on a motorcycle to increase the pressure in the engine is called turbo boost. For example, 10 psi boost means 24.6 psi air pressure in the engine (10 psi boost with 14.7 psi atmospheric pressure).