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Now we will get acquainted with the words hardware and software. These are also part of the computer. Hardware and software are needed to run the computer. These two words are inextricably linked with the operation of a device called a computer.
Here are some of the ones we learned about:
(1) What is meant by computer hardware?
(2) Concepts about computer software.
(3) Types of software -
(A) application software or application software,
(B) system software
(C) Utilities
(D) Language.
(4) What is meant by operating system?
(5) What is booting?
Hardware
Different parts of a computer system are called hardware. For example, the system unit or management branch (which is inside the computer), the monitor, which contains the computer screen, keyboard, mouse, printer, scanner, speaker and joy stick.
Software
Computer information is used using a variety of programs or methods. Software refers to all these programs. In fact, each software program tells the computer what to do. Suppose a computer software program in Bangla font is used. In that case, the information (in numbers or words) that the board will try to send to the computer's memory room, will be stored in Bengali letters, which can be seen on the computer screen. In other words, in this case, the software program instructed the computer to store information in Bangla script. There can be different types of software.
Application software
Application software is used for a specific task. In fact, this type of software turns a computer into a work device. Such as Word, Excel, Access etc.
System software
The software used to control the computer system and its various components i.e. disk drives, microprocessors, memory or memory is called system software. For example, any operating system (DOS, Windows XP, Windows 7, Linux).
Utilities
Utilities are used to design application software. It may also be part of the system software. Utilities help users to perform some simple tasks, such as copying or deleting a file containing information quickly and easily.
Language
All types of readable cues and expressions used to exchange information, speech, and ideas are included in the language. There are two types of language. Low Level Language (LLL) and High Level Language (HLL).
Low level language
This language is associated with computer hardware. These include the pair numbers 0 (zero) and 1 (one) and some special symbols.
High level language
This language is like English language. So it is relatively straightforward. E.g., Basic, Cobalt, C, Pascal etc.
Translator
When someone uses a computer, the computer does not receive all the information they want to put into the computer or give instructions to the computer. Needless to say, computers cannot receive it directly. Because computers don't directly understand what they are.
That is why all those information and instructions have to be translated or changed in a special way in the computer system in such a way that the computer can interpret it and play the necessary role. The computer has this system of realization.
That is, when a user wants to insert information into a computer or give instructions to a computer, the computer modifies them as it sees fit or translates them into its own mechanical language and then uses the information and instructions accordingly. The computer reports the results. This system of computer is called translator. It can be of three types.
Compiler
It accepts complete program codes or signals as input or material and converts them into mechanical signals.
Interpreter
The interpreter receives program codes or signals from each line and converts them into mechanical signals. After working according to this mechanical signal, the next line is converted into mechanical signal again. This process continues until the end of the program. In most cases, the compiler works more efficiently than the interpreter. However, in some cases interpreters are used instead of compilers for technical reasons. For example, Java.
Assembler
It accepts the program as an input or instrument in the assembly language and converts it into a mechanical signal.
Operating system
The operating system is the intermediate software, which acts as a translator or interpreter between the user and the computer. This means that communication between the user and the computer is established with the help of this system. It is used to manage all the components and functions of a computer. Common operating systems include Windows, Linux, MS DOS, Unix. The operating system does a lot more work. For example, when performing a task, the computer coordinates between different mechanical systems such as memory, processor, etc.
Booting
When a computer is turned on, its CPU or central processing unit first checks whether the keyboard, mouse, monitor, etc. are properly connected to it. This verification process is called POST, which stands for Power of Self Test.
If these components are properly connected, the CPU automatically picks up the computer's operating system from the hard disk to RAM and prepares the computer to receive user instructions. This whole process is called booting. That means booting is an automated process, which is used on the computer as soon as it is completed.