G Force is nothing but acceleration of a moving object expressed in m/s^2. It is believed that a fighter jet experiences around force of 9g-10g. Race cars experiences g force of around 3g-4g.
g force is one of the most important terms in the design of a race car. Not only in cars but g forces calculation is very important in the field of science and engineering where dynamics(movement) is involved.
Sometimes the downforce generated by areofoil in a race car will be as high as 5g which is approximately equal to the weight of an elephant. Major forces that a car experience while running are lateral forces(Cornering) and Longitudinal forces(Braking and Acceleration). Environment will be very dynamic in racing and realising and calculating exact forces is very important in reduction of weight of components hence cost while ensuring optimal performance. Force acting may be lateral, longitudinal or a combination of lateral and longitudinal forces at any instant.
There is a very complex calculation involved behind the manufacturing of suspension and other components after realising all the forces, but i will leave it to you guys. Some important references to start with are Race Car Vehicle Dynamics by Milliken, Tune to win by Carroll smith and Formula Student formums.
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