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Chilli is a popular spice crop in our country. Chillies are used to flavor curries. Besides, it is used in various dishes as a sauce. Its market price is also good. So how to cultivate pepper in an improved way is discussed-
Peppers do best in light, airy, fertile loam soils with good drainage. Pepper grows in almost all types of soil except overly acidic soil. Flowering time of pepper plant is 35 to 45 s. The temperature is generally suitable. Excessive rainfall and cloudy weather causes the flowers to drop.
Varieties: Peppers can be divided into two categories. Salty and sweet. In Bangladesh, there are regional seasonal varieties such as Bogra, Chandpuri, Faridpuri etc. Besides, Akali, Kamranga, black pepper etc. are also very spicy. Different names such as small pepper, big pepper, Dhani pepper, Sahib pepper, Bombay pepper, round pepper, major pepper, Sonic pepper, Yamuna pepper, Balijhura pepper, Patnai pepper, Ranchi pepper, Suryamukhi and Bari pepper are grown regionally.
Cleaning the seed bed by drying it in sunlight. In this method, the seed bed should be leveled and completely covered with a white and transparent polythene seat after digging well. Then direct sunlight will fall on transparent polythene seat under cover for 2 to 3 weeks. By doing this, the heat generated in the soil of the seed bed will kill the harmful bacteria. In addition, as a result of the increase in temperature, toxic ammonia gas will be released. Therefore, after sterilization in this method, seeds cannot be sown in the seed bed. This poisonous gas will gradually move to the Kodal Copal. In this way the insects living in the seed bed will die otherwise they will leave the place. When the seed bed is sterilized by heat, the nitrogen fertilizer stored in the soil is blown into the air, resulting in nitrogen deficiency in the soil.
Suitable sowing time is from March-April for Monsoon season and October-November for Rabi season. Chillies grow almost any time of the year and sweet chillies are best in rabi season. When the seedlings are about 10 cm. or 4 inches high then 60 to 70 cm in the ground. Or 25 to 30 inches apart, seedlings should be planted in rows and the distance from tree to tree should be 30 to 40 cm. or 12 to 16 inches.
Safe distance for seed crop: Pepper self-pollinated varieties. However, some varieties can pollinate up to 68 percent. For this reason, in order to produce quality seeds, care should be taken to ensure that there is no other variety of pepper within at least 400 meters of the seed crop field. However, for small amount of seeds, seeds should be collected from the flowers of selected healthy plants in the field by self-pollination. For self-pollination, cover with a white polythene bag before flowering.
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