Every year, 703 000 individuals commit suicide, with many more attempting to do so. Every suicide is a tragedy that impacts families, towns, and whole countries, as well as the people who are left behind. Suicide occurs at any age and was the fourth highest cause of death among 15-29-year-olds worldwide in 2019.
Suicide is a global epidemic that affects all parts of the world, not only high-income countries. In reality, low- and middle-income nations accounted for more than 77 percent of global suicides in 2019.
Suicide is a severe public health issue, but it is avoidable with early, evidence-based, and frequently low-cost treatments. A comprehensive multisectoral suicide prevention plan is required for national interventions to be effective.
Suicide is recognized as a public health issue by the WHO. The inaugural WHO World Suicide Report, "Preventing Suicide: A Global Imperative," released in 2014, aims to raise awareness of the public health implications of suicide and suicide attempts, as well as to prioritize suicide prevention on the global public health agenda. It also seeks to promote and assist nations in developing or strengthening comprehensive suicide prevention initiatives using a multisectoral public health strategy.
Suicide is one of the priority conditions in the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP) launched in 2008, which provides evidence-based technical guidance to scale up service provision and care in countries for mental, neurological and substance use disorders. In the WHO Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2030, WHO Member States have committed themselves to working towards the global target of reducing the suicide rate in countries by one third by 2030.
In addition, the suicide mortality rate is an indicator of target 3.4 of the Sustainable Development Goals: by 2030, to reduce by one third premature mortality from noncommunicable diseases through prevention and treatment, and promote mental health and well-being.
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