Asexual Reproduction
Asexual reproduction is that reproduction which does not involve fertilization or Meiosis, if we define asexual reproduction in a standard way that is Agamogenesis which means reproduction without the fusion of gametes.
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Asexual reproduction occurs in bacteria, protists and archea, this is the primary form of reproduction, it occurs mainly in single celled organisms for example fungi and many 🌱 plants. There are some special features about asexual reproduction which are summarized below:-
1 This reproduction does not involve fertilization.
2 Gamete formation absent.
3 No meiosis but mitotic division takes place.
4 Fast divion and multiplication.
There are some examples of single celled organisms which are functional with asexual reproduction. potato, paramecium, amoeba, euglena, hydra, starfish etc.
Kinds of Asexual reproduction
- Fission simplyit is defined as the break down of the parent body into two similar daughter cells or individuals which are identical to their parental body.
Sub category
Binary Fission it is defined as the division of parental body into two equal halves, and each halve forms an independent daughter organisms. If we take an example of binary fission in bacteria. Which is depicted through diagram below.
There is also many types divisions of binary fission in bacterias like irregular fission in Amoeba Or we can say that the division through any plane. Another type of binary fission is longitudinal type which occurs in Euglena and the is Transverse which occurs in Paramecium and Oblique binary fission in Ceratium.
Immortality In simple words we can say that there is no death in single celled organisms because when there is division the parent body is divided into two equal havles and thus we can't say the parent is dead.
Multiple fission This is something different than in binary fission, this process occurs mainly in Amoeba and paramecium. During unfavourable conditions Amoeba withdraw it's false feet or pseudopodia and then secrete three layered cyst and this process is known as encystment. In other words during unfavourable conditions the body of Amoeba hatches a small sac or cyst like structure which develops into new amoeba at its new location.
Unlike binary fission the parent body is divided into number of daughter cells.
- Budding Budding is quite different than binary fission it is defined as unequal division of the parent body or the daughter individuals are formed from the small outing, or projection of the parental body for example Hydra, scypha and Salpa. There is not only one bud formed but many buds are formed simultaneously, at the same time one of its buds becoming big in the form of size shape and mass. When the heavy bud detaches from the parental body then it lives it own life at new location for example Protozoans.
In yeasts bud shows unequal division after the separation from parental body and develops into new organisms.
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